Back To Main Page         Letter Menu Page         Bottom of Page

MACROEVOLUTION FROM MUTATIONS HIGHLY UNLIKELY
 

      Macroevolution theory states that evolution can explain the origin of all living things from the simplest origins. Mutations are sudden changes in genetic code that occur in living species. Evolution argues that favorable mutations give an advantage in natural selection so that forms possessing them multiply more easily and become dominant in a population. The extent to which this has been demonstrated in microevolution (evolution within same species) is accepted by creationists. A continuation of this process leading to macro-evolution (ex. evolution between subdivisions of the animal kingdom such as reptiles evolving to mammals) is extremely unlikely due to a combination of reasons.

    i)It is estimated that over 99% of mutations are harmful and over 90% are lethal to the organisms which contain them. Cancer cells are classic examples of mutation.
    ii)Macro-evolution requires not one but a multitude of changes in an organism, all occurring at the same time. None could survive unless there was also a perfect co-adaptation and cooperation of its new parts as they develop.
    iii)Not all mutations are heritable, and there is no evidence that the genetic code will always induce them to continue in the same direction in which they began. Some work in reverse. iv)Mutational changes tend to be very slow, so that many generations of selection in a given direction would be needed to bring substantial change. Typically the more advanced life forms reproduce too slowly for mutational changes to effect substantial change (such as species change) within a reasonable adaptive time frame. v)Mutational changes have definite limits. It has been demonstrated in plant breeding that mutations eventually reach a limit determined by the variability of the type, beyond which no amount of selection can change them further.

      The chance is next to zero that life forms can make species advances through mutations-- especially in light of the infinity of positive changes which would be required, often simultaneously and coordinant, to progress from single-celled creatures to mammals.

 

      Promotion of other than the Biblical view of humans has had horrific ramifications. Karl Marx, Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini used evolution as inspiration and justification for brutal conflict and domination over subsets of humans. The evolutionist promotion of equality of humans with other living things contributes to the strange observation that the same people that fight for the rights of the harbor seal, spotted owl, and vegetation (all worthy protests), often also fight for the right to kill unborn humans. Human behavior is guided by world-view.

Annie Bukacek MD


Back To Main Page         Letter Menu Page         Top of Page